Kuva icyorezo, ubucuruzi bwisi yose bwakandagiye "buto yo guhagarara", kandi ibikoresho byo gukumira icyorezo birashyushye cyane cyane.Ariko kuva ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki nshya ku ya 10, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byo kurwanya icyorezo birashoboka ko bibangamirwa, kandi kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikaba bikomeye!By'umwihariko, bamwe mu bakora inganda ntoya n'abashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi byo hanze bidafite impamyabumenyi.Reka tubanze turebe Ubuyobozi Rusange bw'Itangazo rya gasutamo No 53.
Ubuyobozi rusange bwa gasutamo bwatanze Itangazo No 53, buvuga ko guhera ejo (10 Mata 2020),11 “ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi”imishinga yo kwandikisha ibicuruzwa izashyira mubikorwa kugenzura no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Uturindantoki, ibipimo bya trometero z'umubiri, uturindantoki two kubaga, abagenzuzi b'abarwayi, amakariso y'ipamba, gaze, bande, hamwe n'udukoko twangiza imiti byose byashyizwe ku rutonde, ni ukuvuga ko ibikoresho byose by'ubuvuzi birimo.
Igenzura ryemewe nigicuruzwa gifite imiterere yubugenzuzi bwa A (gutumiza) cyangwa B (kohereza) kumpapuro zimenyekanisha kuri gasutamo.Mugihe cyo kumenyekanisha gasutamo, impapuro zemeza gasutamo za biro yubugenzuzi zigomba gutangwa, ni ukuvuga ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko.Ibicuruzwa bigomba kugenzurwa n’amategeko birimo: ibindi bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kugenzurwa mu gitabo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’amategeko kandi nk'uko bisabwa n'amategeko n’ubuyobozi.
Dukurikije amategeko n'amabwiriza abigenga, uwatumije cyangwa intumwa y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kugenzurwa n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa bigomba kumenyesha ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa kugira ngo kigenzurwe mu gihe cyagenwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa.Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa kirangiza ubugenzuzi mu gihe giteganijwe kimwe n’ishami ry’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa kandi kigatanga icyemezo cy’ubugenzuzi.Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga bigenzurwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ntibyemewe koherezwa mu mahanga iyo bidasuzumwe cyangwa binaniwe gutsinda igenzura.
“Itegeko ry’Ubushinwa ryinjira mu mahanga no kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga” riteganya ko kurenga ku mabwiriza bizasaba ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byagenzuwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa kugurishwa cyangwa gukoreshwa bitagenzuwe, cyangwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kugenzurwa n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa nta bugenzuzi. .Kugira ngo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa kigomba kunyaga inyungu zitemewe kandi kigatanga ihazabu irenga 5% kugeza munsi ya 20% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa;niba ari icyaha, inshingano z'inshinjabyaha zizakurikiranwa hakurikijwe amategeko.
Gasutamo yahinduye imiterere yubugenzuzi, byerekana ko ubwiza bwibikoresho byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa bugenzurwa cyane.Mu gusubiza aya makuru, bamwe mu bacuruzi bagize bati: “Impinduka z’agateganyo mu kugenzura byihuse kandi zishyirwa mu bikorwa byihuse bizatuma abantu batagira buffer”, kandi bizeye ko gasutamo ishobora gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’ubwumvikane, nibura ikamenyesha inzibacyuho hakiri kare.
Ibikoresho byo kurwanya icyorezo cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ntabwo bituje
Nyuma yo kubona ko amategeko yo kohereza ibicuruzwa byo kurwanya icyorezo cyoherezwa mu mahanga yagenzuwe, ubucuruzi bwinshi na bamwe mu baturage ntibatuje, kandi aya makuru yakwirakwiriye cyane mu nganda.
Nyuma yo kumenya aya makuru, bamwe mu baturage batangiye kwijujuta, bavuga ko ubu buryo ari “ingano imwe ihuye na bose”, bavuga ko inzira nziza yo kugenzura ari ukongera umubare w’imisoro nk’ibikoresho byo gukumira icyorezo, bizababaza inzirakarengane kandi imishinga izaba biragoye.Ubu ni bibi!
Ibinyuranye nuko abantu benshi bafite iki gitekerezo ari abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ndetse nabagurisha ibicuruzwa bimwe.Ikibazo cyiza cyo kohereza hanze ibikoresho byo gukumira icyorezo nintandaro yo kugenzura amategeko.Isura y'igihugu igomba gutakara kubera ibikoresho byo kwirinda icyorezo cyiza.
Kubijyanye niyi politiki, mubyukuri, ubugenzuzi bwamategeko ntibisobanura ko utazacika intege, kandi abatumiza ibicuruzwa byo kurwanya icyorezo ntibashobora kuba byiza!Ku mishinga, ni n'inzira yo kubaho neza, kandi kwirukana bimwe mu bikoresho byujuje ibyangombwa byo kurwanya icyorezo abadandaza ntibizagabanya kwizerwa ku bicuruzwa byo mu gihugu.Muri iki gihe, ubugenzuzi bwemewe nugukora uruhare rwo kuyungurura.Ubushinwa ntabwo ari uruganda ku isi gusa, hagomba kubaho ibicuruzwa byiza cyane, kandi ubuziranenge ni ejo hazaza.
Ku bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo kohereza mu mahanga ibikoresho birwanya icyorezo, igihugu nacyo cyafashe ingamba.
Gasutamo ikora iperereza kandi ikorana n’umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bidafite ibyangombwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi igomba guhangana na byo bikomeye
Nk’uko amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na gasutamo uyu munsi, ku ya 31 Werurwe, Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo, n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bishinzwe ibiyobyabwenge basohoye hamwe “Itangazo ryerekeye iterambere ry’urutonde rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga”,bisaba kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, imyenda ikingira ubuvuzi, guhumeka Ubwoko 5 bwibicuruzwa nka terefone igendanwa na trometero ya infragre bigomba kubona impamyabumenyi ijyanye n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura ibiyobyabwenge kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bw’igihugu gitumiza mu mahanga (akarere).
Kubikoresho byubuvuzi byanditswe muri "Itangazo", hakorwa isuzuma ryinyandiko 100%, hibandwa ku kugenzura niba izina nubunini bwibicuruzwa bihuye n’itangazo, niba isura ari mibi, niba hari umwanda / umwanda, niba irenze ubuzima bwigihe, niba yangiritse kandi yararenganijwe, kandi niba ihari Hariho ibihe byo kwinjizwa no kwinjizwa, gusambana, gusambana nibicuruzwa byimpimbano, ibyiza-byiza, nibidafite ibyangombwa nkibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa.Kuva yatangazwa,gasutamo yafashe ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi miliyoni 11.205 byakozwe n’amasosiyete atashyizwe ku rutonde cyangwa adafite ibyemezo by’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byanditse mu bucuruzi, amabaruwa, amabaruwa yihuse, e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka n’indi miyoboro, muri yo miliyoni 99.41 ni kouzhao n’imyenda 155.000 ni miriyoni 1.085 yipimisha hamwe na 24.000 infrarafarike ya termometero.
Nkuko twese tubizi, kubera icyorezo, muri uyu mwaka nta nganda nyinshi za kouzhao zimaze gushingwa, kandi nabenshi mubayikora ntibabonye umwanya wo gusaba ibyangombwa, kandi hari nabake muribo ari aba kabiri-beza kugirango tubone amafaranga vuba.Niba hari raporo nyinshi zitari iz'ubuvuzi, ibitari imiti bizava mu bwonko, kandi ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bizatuma izina ry’ibicuruzwa byakorewe mu Bushinwa rirushaho kuba bibi, bigira ingaruka ku cyubahiro cy’igihugu, kandi ntibifasha iterambere ry’amahanga. ubucuruzi.
Igenzura kandi ni ukureba niba ibikoresho byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga.Kurokoka kwiza nabwo ni itegeko ryo kubaho kw'isoko.Abacuruzi bafite impamyabumenyi yuzuye kandi nziza ntibishobora kuba byiza.Igenzura ryinshi rifite ingaruka nke, kandi kubuza ibicuruzwa bya Sanwu ni amahirwe meza yo kwagura imigabane ku isoko.Naho abadafite ubumenyi, kandi bashaka kubona amafaranga byihuse nibicuruzwa bifite inenge,
Mu gusubiza amategeko yoherezwa mu mahanga, ibikoresho byo gupima ibiyobyabwenge bya Shandong byagumije ubuziranenge
Kugeza ubu, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibizamini by’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu ni: GB 2626-2019 kurinda ubuhumekero kwiyitirira-filteri irwanya ubuhumekero;GB / T 32610-2016 ubwoko burinda burimunsi;GB 19083-2010 ibisabwa mubuvuzi bwo kurinda ubuvuzi;YY 0469-2011 kubaga ubuvuzi;YY / T 0969-2013 Igihe kimwe koresha ubuvuzi.
1. “GB 19083-2010 ″ igikoresho cyo gupima
Imashini igerageza: Iki gipimo giteganya ko imbaraga zo kumena zitagomba kuba munsi ya 10N.Kugirango ugerageze iki kintu, urashobora gukoresha imashini igerageza kandi ugashyiraho ibizamini byumwuga kugirango ugerageze imbaraga zingutu nimbaraga zo kumena.
Kugerageza Ikizamini Cyiza (PFE) Ikizamini.Igishushanyo cyose kirwanya anti-leakage, igikoresho kirimo: generator ya aerosol generator, moteri yamavuta ya aerosol, moteri ya aerosol ya static charge itabogamye, ubushyuhe nubushuhe, icyuma cyumukungugu wa laser, icyuma gihumeka, icyuma gikingira icyuma cya aerosol Igikoresho cyo kumenya, kurinda Ingaruka zo guswera gaz icyitegererezo hamwe nibindi bice.
Ikizamini cyo kurwanya ubuhumekero: Byakoreshejwe mugupima guhumeka no guhumeka mubihe byagenwe.Birakwiriye kubakora ninzego zigihugu zishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa birinda umurimo gukora ibizamini nubugenzuzi bijyanye nibicuruzwa.Ihame rya GB 19083-2010 riteganya ko ku gipimo cya gazi ya 85 L / min, kurwanya ibinyobwa bitagomba kurenga 343.2 Pa (35 mm H2O).
Ikizamini cyamaraso yinjira: ongera umubare munini wamaraso yubukorikori kumuvuduko runaka nintera yerekeza kuri horizontal yerekeza kuruhande rwapimwe, hanyuma urebe kwinjira mumaraso yubukorikori kurundi ruhande.
Ikizamini cyo kurwanya ubushuhe bwo hejuru.Mugereranije isura yicyitegererezo hamwe nigipimo cyisuzumabumenyi hamwe nishusho, hashyizweho urwego rwo guhanagura amazi, rukwiranye nogupimisha amazi kugirango hamenyekane ubushuhe bw’imiterere y’imyenda itandukanye hamwe n’amazi adafite amazi kandi yangiza amazi. kurangiza.
Kumenya ibipimo bya mikorobe: koloni yose ya koloni CFU / g: ≤100;bagiteri ya coliform: ntishobora kuboneka;Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ntibishobora kugaragara;Staphylococcus aureus: ntibishobora kugaragara;hemolytic streptococcus: ntishobora kuboneka;fungus: Ntibishobora kumenyekana.Ukeneye gushyiraho laboratoire sterile (muri metero kare 30 kugeza kuri 50) nibikoresho bijyanye nibikoresho byo gupima mikorobe
Ethylene oxyde ibisigara byerekana chromatograf: nyuma yubuvuzi bwa Ethylene oxyde sterilisation, igomba gusesengurwa no guhindurwa nyuma yiminsi 7 kugeza 15.Nyuma yumwanya wa gazi chromatografi, ingano ya okiside ya Ethylene ntigomba kurenza 10ug / g.Irashobora kurekurwa gusa mbere yo kuva muruganda.
Ikizamini cya flame retardant: cyane cyane ikoreshwa mugupima imikorere yumuriro wibicuruzwa nyuma yo guhura numuriro kumuvuduko runaka, nigikoresho cyihariye cyo kugerageza imikorere ya retardant imikorere.
Ikizamini cya Adhesion: irashobora kugenzura muburyo bukomeye ubukana bwubwoko bwose bwubuhumekero - masike ya gaze, SCBAs, ubuhumekero, harimo N95.Ikizamini cya adhesion gikuraho gukenera gukekwa hamwe no kurambirwa no kwibeshya-kwibeshya.
2. “YY 0469-2011 ″ ibikoresho byo gupima
Imashini igerageza: Iki gipimo giteganya ko imbaraga zo kumena zitagomba kuba munsi ya 10N.Kugirango ugerageze iki kintu, urashobora gukoresha imashini igerageza kandi ugashyiraho ibizamini byumwuga kugirango ugerageze imbaraga zingutu nimbaraga zo kumena.
Ikizamini cyamaraso yinjira: ongera umubare munini wamaraso yubukorikori kumuvuduko runaka nintera yerekeza kuri horizontal yerekeza kuruhande rwapimwe, hanyuma urebe kwinjira mumaraso yubukorikori kurundi ruhande.
Kugerageza Ikizamini Cyiza (PFE) Ikizamini.Igishushanyo cyose kirwanya anti-leakage, igikoresho kirimo: generator ya aerosol generator, moteri yamavuta ya aerosol, moteri ya aerosol ya static charge itabogamye, ubushyuhe nubushuhe, icyuma cyumukungugu wa laser, icyuma gihumeka, icyuma gikingira icyuma cya aerosol Igikoresho cyo kumenya, kurinda Ingaruka zo guswera gaz icyitegererezo hamwe nibindi bice.
Ikizamini cya Bacterial Filtration (BFE) Ikizamini. biteganijwe mu Burayi EN14683, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibyo, iterambere rishya ryakozwe.Uburyo bumwe bwo gutoranya icyarimwe imiyoboro ya gazi ikoreshwa mugutezimbere neza.Irakwiriye ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ibipimo, ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, inganda zitanga umusaruro nandi mashami ajyanye nayo.Ikizamini cyimikorere ya bagiteri yo kuyungurura neza.
Ikigereranyo cyo guhanahana gaze: Ishingiye ku ihame ryikizamini cya YY0469-2011.Ikoresha igitutu gitandukanye kugirango tumenye ikizamini cyitandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati yumuvuduko wimbere nigitutu cyo hanze.Ifite ibikoresho byihariye byo gukoresha kugirango igere ku bicuruzwa., Ikoreshwa cyane mugupima itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wa gazi, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugupima itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wa gaze mubindi bikoresho byimyenda.
Ikizamini cya flame retardant: Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gutwika nyuma yo guhura numuriro kumuvuduko runaka.Nibikoresho bidasanzwe byo kugerageza imikorere ya flame retardant.
Kumenya ibipimo bya mikorobe: koloni yose ya koloni CFU / g: ≤100;bagiteri ya coliform: ntishobora kuboneka;Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ntibishobora kugaragara;Staphylococcus aureus: ntibishobora kugaragara;hemolytic streptococcus: ntishobora kuboneka;fungus: Ntibishobora kumenyekana.Ukeneye gushyiraho laboratoire sterile (muri metero kare 30 kugeza kuri 50) nibikoresho bijyanye nibikoresho byo gupima mikorobe
Ethylene oxyde ibisigara byerekana chromatograf: nyuma ya sterile ya Ethylene, igomba gusesengurwa no guhindurwa nyuma yiminsi 7 kugeza 15.Nyuma yumwanya wa gazi chromatografi, umubare wacyo wa Ethylene oxyde ntigomba kurenza 10ug / g mumabwiriza yigihugu Irashobora kurekurwa mbere yo kuva muruganda.
3. YY / T 0969-2013 Igihe kimwe koresha ibikoresho byo kwipimisha
Imashini igerageza: Imbaraga zo kumena ntizigomba kuba munsi ya 10N.Kugirango ugerageze uyu mushinga, urashobora gukoresha imashini igerageza kandi ukanashiraho ibizamini byumwuga kugirango ugerageze imbaraga zingutu nimbaraga zo kumena.
Ikizamini cya Bacterial Filtration (BFE) Ikizamini. ibisabwa by’iburayi EN14683, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibyo, hahinduwe iterambere rishya.Inzira ya gazi ebyiri icyarimwe icyitegererezo ikoreshwa mugutezimbere ukuri kwicyitegererezo.Irakwiriye ishami rishinzwe kugenzura metrologiya, ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, inganda zibyara umusaruro nizindi nzego zijyanye n’ibizamini bijyanye n’imikorere ya filteri ya bagiteri.
Ikigereranyo cyo guhanahana gaze: Ihame ryikizamini cyo kurwanya umuyaga ni ugukoresha sensor itandukanye kugirango umenye itandukaniro ryumuvuduko uri hagati yumuvuduko wimbere nigitutu cyo hanze.Ifite ibikoresho byihariye byifashishwa kugirango igere ku kimenyetso cy’ibicuruzwa, bikwiranye cyane cyane no gupima itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’ivunjisha rya gazi rishobora no gukoreshwa mu gupima itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko wa gazi y’ibindi bikoresho by’imyenda.
Kumenya ibipimo bya mikorobe: koloni yose ya koloni CFU / g: ≤100;bagiteri ya coliform: ntishobora kuboneka;Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ntibishobora kugaragara;Staphylococcus aureus: ntibishobora kugaragara;hemolytic streptococcus: ntishobora kuboneka;fungus: Ntibishobora kumenyekana.Ukeneye gushyiraho laboratoire idasanzwe (muri rusange 30-50 kare) hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano nibikoresho byo gupima mikorobe.
Ethylene oxyde ibisigara byerekana chromatograf. amabwiriza yigihugu mbere yuko arekurwa kugirango atangwe.Kumenya umubare usigaye wa okiside ya Ethylene isanzwe igaragazwa na gazi chromatografiya, kandi kumenya umubare wa oxyde ya Ethylene irashobora kurangizwa no gukoresha gaze ya chromatografi.
YY 0469-2011
Ibintu byihariye byo kwipimisha Bihuye nibikoresho byo gupima
4.4 Kumena imbaraga zo guhuza DRK101 imashini yuzuye igerageza
4.5 Amaraso yubukorikori yinjira DRK227 yerekana amaraso
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.7 Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko DRK260 yipimisha ubuhumekero
4.8 Imikorere ya flame retardant imikorere DRK-07B ikizamini cya flame retardant
4.10 Ibisigisigi bya okiside ya Ethylene
YY / T 0969-2013
Ibintu byihariye byo kwipimisha Bihuye nibikoresho byo gupima
4.4 Kumena imbaraga zo guhuza DRK101 imashini yuzuye igerageza
4.5 Gukoresha bacteri kurenza urugero (BFE) (YY 0469) DRK1000 ya bagiteri irenze urugero
4.6 Kurwanya umuyaga DRK709 igerageza itandukaniro
4.8 Ibisigisigi bya okiside ya Ethylene DRK GC1690 icyiciro cya gaze + umwanya
GB 19083-2010
Ibintu byihariye byo kwipimisha Bihuye nibikoresho byo gupima
4.3 Kumena imbaraga za DRK101 yimashini yuzuye igerageza
4.4 Uburyo bwo kuyungurura
4.5 Kurwanya umuyaga DRK260 yipimisha ubuhumekero
4.6-Amaraso yinjira muri sintetike DRK227 yerekana amaraso
4.7 Kurwanya ubuhehere bwo hejuru DRK308A ubwoko bwigitambaro cyo hejuru amazi yoza amazi
4.9 Ibisigisigi bya okiside ya Ethylene
4.10 Imikorere ya flame retardant DRK-07B ikizamini cya flame retardant
4.12
5.3.2 Kwitegura ubushyuhe, DRK250 ubushyuhe burigihe hamwe nicyumba cyipimisha
GB / T 32610-2016
Ibintu byihariye byo kugerageza Ibikoresho byo gupima bihuye
5.3 Kwihuta kwamabara kuri rubbing (yumye / itose) / urwego DRK128C yogusiga imashini yipimisha ibara
5.3 Ibigize Formaldehyde Ikizamini cyimyenda
5.3 PH agaciro PH metero
5.3 Ibisigisigi bya okiside ya Ethylene
5.3 Kurwanya impanuka, kurwanya guhumeka DRK260 yipimisha ubuhumekero
5.3 Kumena imbaraga DRK101 imashini igerageza tensile
5.3 Umwuka wo guhumeka utwikiriye umuvuduko
5.4 Gukora neza (ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura ibintu) DRK506 ibice birenze urugero
5.5 Ingaruka zo gukingira (ubushobozi bwo guhagarika ibice)
Umugereka A, ingero 3 no kwitegura (ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe butose)
DRK250 ubushyuhe burigihe nubushyuhe bwikizamini
GB 2626-2006 Ibikoresho byo gukingira ubuhumekero Kwiyungurura-kwiyungurura ubwoko bwa anti-particulat respirator
Ibintu byihariye byo kwipimisha Bihuye nibikoresho byo gupima
5.3 Kwiyungurura neza N-ibice, ubwoko bwa P bwamavuta ya DRK506 ibipimo birenze urugero
5.4 Kumeneka
5.5 Kurwanya guhumeka DRK260 yipimisha ubuhumekero
5.6
5.6
5.7 Umwanya wapfuye igikoresho cyo gupima umwanya wapfuye
5.8 Icyerekezo DRK262 igikoresho cyo gupima umurima
5.9 Igitambaro cyo mumutwe kigomba gutwara imbaraga zo gukurura DRK101 imashini yuzuye igerageza
5.10 Guhuza no guhuza ibice birwanya impagarara
5.12 Ubukonje DRK134 guhumeka valve igerageza ikirere
5.13 Flammability DRK-07B ikizamini cya flame retardant
6.2 Ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe DRK250 ubushyuhe burigihe hamwe nicyumba cyipimisha
Ohereza ubutumwa bwawe kuri twe:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-16-2020